Spinal Stenosis

Overview

Spinal Stenosis refers to the narrowing of the spaces within the spine, which can put pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. This condition most commonly affects the lower back (lumbar spine) and neck (cervical spine). While it is more prevalent in individuals over 50, younger people may also develop spinal stenosis due to hereditary conditions or injuries. Timely diagnosis and treatment can alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

Introduction

The spine, a vital structure in the human body, provides support, flexibility, and protection to the spinal cord and nerves. In Spinal Stenosis, the narrowing of the spinal canal leads to nerve compression, resulting in pain, numbness, and weakness. With an ageing population in India, cases of spinal stenosis are rising, particularly in urban areas where sedentary lifestyles and lack of physical activity are common contributing factors.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Spinal Stenosis vary depending on the location and severity of the condition:
1. Lower Back (Lumbar Stenosis):
– Pain or cramping in the legs, especially after walking or standing for extended periods (neurogenic claudication).
– Weakness or numbness in the legs and feet.
– Relief of symptoms when bending forward or sitting.

2. Neck (Cervical Stenosis):
– Pain in the neck.
– Numbness or tingling in the hands, arms, or legs.
– Weakness in extremities.
– Severe cases may cause difficulty with balance and bladder or bowel dysfunction.

Causes

Spinal Stenosis can result from a variety of factors:
1. Degenerative Changes:
– Age-related wear and tear on the spine, such as osteoarthritis or disc degeneration.
2. Herniated Discs:
– Bulging or ruptured discs can compress nerves.
3. Bone Spurs:
– Overgrowth of bone due to arthritis.
4. Thickened Ligaments:
– Ligaments in the spine may thicken with age and reduce space in the spinal canal.
5. Congenital Conditions:
– Some individuals are born with a narrower spinal canal.
6. Trauma:
– Spinal injuries can lead to misalignment or narrowing of the spinal spaces.

Treatment

Treatment for Spinal Stenosis aims to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. Options include:

1. Conservative Management:
– Medications: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, or muscle relaxants.
– Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the back and improve flexibility and balance.
– Epidural Steroid Injections: To reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.

2. Surgical Interventions:
– Laminectomy: Removal of part of the vertebra to create more space.
– Spinal Fusion: Stabilizing the spine by fusing two or more vertebrae.
– Minimally Invasive Procedures: Advanced techniques with shorter recovery times.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Prevention:
– Regular Exercise: Strengthen back muscles and maintain spinal flexibility.
– Healthy Posture: Use ergonomic furniture and avoid prolonged sitting.
– Balanced Diet: Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake to maintain bone health.
– Weight Management: Reduce pressure on the spine by maintaining a healthy weight.

Risk Factors:
– Age: Most common in individuals over 50.
– Gender: Women are at slightly higher risk.
– Arthritis: Inflammatory conditions like osteoarthritis increase the likelihood of stenosis.
– Genetics: Family history of spinal conditions can elevate risk.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, we specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of Spinal Stenosis with a patient-first approach. Key features of our care include:
– Accurate Diagnosis: Advanced imaging such as MRI, CT scans, and X-rays for detailed assessment.
– Comprehensive Treatment Plans: Tailored to each patient’s condition, including non-surgical options and minimally invasive surgeries.
– Rehabilitation Programs: Designed to ensure a full recovery and prevent recurrence.
– Expert Team: Our orthopaedic specialists have extensive experience in managing complex spinal conditions.

Spinal health awareness in India is growing, but early detection remains a challenge in many rural and semi-urban areas. Sancheti Hospital is committed to bridging this gap by offering outreach programs and expert care to all patients.