Sacroiliitis

Overview

Sacroiliitis is an inflammatory condition affecting one or both sacroiliac joints, which connect the lower spine to the pelvis. It can cause pain in the lower back, buttocks, and legs, often mistaken for other conditions like sciatica. Sacroiliitis is a common cause of lower back pain and can significantly impact daily activities if left untreated.

Introduction

The sacroiliac joints play a vital role in stabilizing the pelvis and transmitting forces between the upper body and legs. Sacroiliitis occurs due to inflammation in these joints, leading to pain and stiffness. The condition is often linked to autoimmune diseases like ankylosing spondylitis and can result from trauma or infections. In India, lower back pain, including sacroiliitis, is increasingly prevalent due to sedentary lifestyles, lack of exercise, and improper posture, making early diagnosis and treatment essential.

Symptoms

The symptoms of sacroiliitis vary in severity and may include:

– Pain in the lower back, buttocks, hips, or thighs.
– Stiffness, especially after prolonged periods of sitting or inactivity.
– Pain that worsens with weight-bearing activities, such as climbing stairs or standing for long periods.
– Discomfort when lying on the affected side.
– Difficulty in performing daily activities due to reduced mobility.

Causes

Sacroiliitis can result from various factors, including:

1. Inflammatory Conditions: Autoimmune diseases like ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis.
2. Trauma: Injuries from accidents or falls affecting the sacroiliac joints.
3. Infections: Bacterial or viral infections leading to joint inflammation.
4. Pregnancy: Increased pelvic mobility and weight during pregnancy may strain the sacroiliac joints.
5. Degenerative Changes: Osteoarthritis or age-related wear and tear in the sacroiliac joints.

Treatment

Treatment aims to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and improve mobility. Options include:

1. Medications:
– Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve pain and swelling.
– Corticosteroid injections for severe inflammation.
– Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in cases linked to autoimmune disorders.
2. Physiotherapy:
– Exercises to strengthen the muscles around the pelvis and lower back.
– Stretching techniques to improve joint flexibility and reduce stiffness.
3. Lifestyle Modifications:
– Avoid activities that worsen symptoms.
– Incorporate ergonomic practices at work and home.
4. Surgical Intervention:
– In rare cases, fusion of the sacroiliac joint may be considered if conservative treatments fail.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Prevention:

– Maintain proper posture to reduce strain on the sacroiliac joints.
– Engage in regular low-impact exercises like swimming or yoga to keep the joints flexible.
– Use ergonomic furniture to support the lower back during prolonged sitting.
– Avoid sudden, jerky movements that can strain the joints.

Risk Factors:

– Age and Gender: More common in young adults and women, especially during or after pregnancy.
– Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like ankylosing spondylitis increase susceptibility.
– Occupational Hazards: Jobs involving heavy lifting or prolonged standing.
– Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity can weaken supporting muscles, increasing joint stress.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, we specialise in the diagnosis and management of sacroiliitis. Our state-of-the-art facilities include advanced imaging techniques to assess sacroiliac joint inflammation accurately. A multidisciplinary team of orthopaedic specialists, rheumatologists, and physiotherapists ensures a tailored approach to treatment.

In India, where lower back pain is often overlooked until it becomes severe, Sancheti Hospital focuses on raising awareness about early signs of sacroiliitis. Our comprehensive rehabilitation programs include personalised physiotherapy sessions to improve joint function and overall quality of life.